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OSN ma sancu ukazat svoje opodstatnenie
Update 12.8.: rezolucia 1701 bola prijata a jej text je tu
Takze breaking news su, ze Bezpecnostna rada sa dohodla.
Navrh rezolucie vyzera celkom dobre, i ked mohol byt viazany na kapitolu 7 Charty OSN. Kedze to by asi bolo pre Libanon a viacere staty BR neprijatelne, tento navrh je celkom dobry. Je az prekvapujuce, ze ho podporili Francuzi :-)
tu su zasadne body, kedze zatial nemam k dispozicii oficialny text, toto je len podla informacii BBC, Wash Post, NY Times a Reuters.
According to reports, the new draft calls for "a full cessation of hostilities based upon... the immediate cessation by Hezbollah of all attacks and the immediate cessation by Israel of all offensive military operations".
Zadrhelom, ktory este moze nieco skomplikovat je ponechanie formulacie "utocne vojenske operacie" Izraela. To by v podstate znamenalo, ze Izraela sa to netyka, kedze jeho operacie su obranne (podla Iz). To bola navyse jedna z veci, na ktorych zlyhal predchadzajuci navrh.
Vysvetlovat by to mohlo toto:
Ambassadors drafting a resolution to halt the fighting in Lebanon reported agreement today on a measure calling for a full cessation of hostilities, deploying Lebanese and United Nations forces in southern Lebanon, and calling upon Israel to withdraw its forces “in parallel.”
... ak sa tym mysli, ze stahovanie Izraela sa zacne s prichodom prveho vojaka Unifil (ktori tam uz v podstate su) a bude postupne pokracovat. Izrael spociatku pozadoval, ze sa stiahne az ked tam jednotky OSN uz budu. Povodny navrh ziadne paralelne stahovanie neobsahoval.
It is also said to authorise "an increase in the force strength of Unifil [the UN peacekeeping force in south Lebanon] to a maximum of 15,000 troops".
Tento bod mozno povazovat za vitazstvo Izraela, ktory od zaciatku pozadoval silne medzinarodne jednotky a nie len statistov ako je sucasny Unifil.
The resolution extends Unifil’s mandate a year and empowers it to take action “to insure that its area of operations is not utilized for hostile activities of any kind” and “to resist attempts by forceful means to prevent if from discharging its duties.”
Tento bod je dost diskutabilny, kedze rezolucia ma byt podla Kapitoly VI a nie VII. a tym padom pod pojem akcia podla mna nespada vojenska akcia a vynucovanie si plnenia rezolucie silou. Tu sa moze ukazat, ci je OSN na nieco dobre a ci dokaze veci naozaj poriesit. I ked na tak malom uzemi ako je juzny Libanon by 15000 vojakov mohlo Hizballahu zabranit konat uz len svojou pritomnostou. Kazdopadne ho treba hodnotit kladne a je to jeden z najsilnejsich bodov celeho navrhu.
The zone the new joint force will be responsible for extends from the Blue Line border of Israel and Lebanon to the Litani River, roughly 15 miles to the north. That zone would be declared free of all “armed personnel, assts and weapons other than those of the government of Lebanon and Unifil.”
Toto ziadal Izrael od zaciatku - stiahnutie Hizballahu za rieku Litani a je to vlastne splnenie podmienok prveho navrhu na primerie kratko po vypuknuti konfliktu.
The draft resolution calls for the causes of the current conflict to be addressed "urgently," including the "unconditional release of the two Israeli soldiers abducted on July 12 that triggered the hostilities. In the next paragraph of the draft resolution, the Security Council would be "mindful" of the issue of Lebanese prisoners detained in Israel and calls for "urgently settling" that problem.
Toto bude zaujimave. Ak Hizballah bude musiet prepustit tych dvoch vojakov, som zvedavy, ako to uhra na vitazstvo. Naopak, tato formulacia nie je pre Izrael velmi zavazna. Pravdepodobne prepusti len zopar Libanoncanov a ostatnych si ponecha ako teroristov.
The draft resolution further calls for the disarming of all remaining militias in Lebanon, under terms of the Taif Accord that ended the Lebanese civil war in 1990.
Toto je vynutenie si rezolucie BR 1559. Na toto som tiez zvedavy, kedze tu Hiz celkom odignoroval. Zbrani sa pravdepodobne nebude chciet vzdat ani teraz.
The resolution also mandates an international arms embargo on any military equipment destined for Lebanon that is not going to the Lebanese Army. The draft resolution also requests that U.N. Secretary General Kofi Annan develop proposals to solve the issue of Shebaa Farms.
Najvacsia zmena oproti povodnemu navrhu je vypustenie tohto odstavca:
... to authorize in a further resolution under Chapter VII of the Charter the deployment of a UN mandated international force to support the Lebanese armed forces and government in providing a secure environment and contribute to the implementation of a permanent ceasefire and a long-term solution;
aky je v tom rozdiel?
Kapitola VI hovori o pacific settlement of disputes a v podstate v ziadom zo svojich siestich clankov nehovori o pouziti sily ako donucovacieho prostriedku.
The parties to any dispute, the continuance of which is likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security, shall, first of all, seek a solution by negotiation, enquiry, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, judicial settlement, resort to regional agencies or arrangements, or other peaceful means of their own choice.
V praxi to znamena, ze ak sa Hiz na celu diplomaciu vykasle a bude vystrelovat rakety spoza Litani, sily OSN budu mat obmedzenu moznost konania a bude sa treba vratit zase k rokovaniam. To Izraelu velmi vyhovovat nemoze.
naopak, kapitola VII. umoznuje pouzitie priamo sily
Should the Security Council consider that measures provided for in Article 41 would be inadequate or have proved to be inadequate, it may take such action by air, sea, or land forces as may be necessary to maintain or restore international peace and security. Such action may include demonstrations, blockade, and other operations by air, sea, or land forces of Members of the United Nations.
Doteraz ale bola Kapitola VII pouzita len v malo pripadoch (pdf)
Posted by: skMarine at 23:17 |
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